Victor airways are used to establish a known en route route between terminal areas and are based on a centerline that extends from one navigation aid to another. Which navigation aids are used to define these airways?

• A. A VOR or VORTAC navigation aid or intersection to another navigation aid
• B. GPS waypoints only
• C. Nondirectional radio beacons only
• D. Ground-based radar sectors

Answer: (A)

Victor airways are defined by VOR-based centerlines that extend from one navigation aid to another. The path is anchored to VORs or VORTACs, and may include intersections formed by the radials of those VORs. GPS waypoints by themselves don’t define the airway, and NDBs or ground-based radar sectors aren’t used to establish these routes. This VOR/VORTAC-centered framework provides a standardized, knowable route for IFR pilots at low altitudes between navigational facilities.