The Attitude Indicator is the foundation for all instrument flight. What does it reflect?

• A. The airplane's attitude relative to the horizon
• B. The airplane's altitude above mean sea level
• C. The rate of climb or descent
• D. The airplane's vertical speed increasing or decreasing

Answer: (A)

The Attitude Indicator depicts the airplane’s orientation relative to the horizon, showing pitch and bank. It uses a gyro-stabilized horizon and a fixed miniature aircraft. When the horizon line tilts, that tells you the bank angle (roll); when the horizon moves up or down relative to the miniature aircraft, that tells you the pitch. This is exactly what we mean by attitude: how the nose is up or down and how the wings are tilted in the sky. Because you’re flying partly by reference to the instruments, this indicator is essential for maintaining stable flight when you can’t rely on outside visuals.

It does not show altitude, which comes from the altimeter, nor does it show climb rate or vertical speed, which come from the vertical speed indicator or other instruments.